cuchilla (herramienta) - Wikilingue - Encydia
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A chopper is the flat part of a tool or of a weapon that a knife-edge and/or a sharp end have normally done generally of metal like the steel to cut, to stab, to slice, to throw, to push, or to beat.
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Production skills
The material for the choppers of the weapon has to be selected carefully, so a balance is needed between the hardness and the agility to work correctly. In the antiquity, the main secondhand metal was the copper, then bronze, I shoe and finally I steel. Before the invention of the steel, several skills were developed to reduce the fragility of the iron. Perhaps the rather well-known one is the boss of welding, a skill used for the katanas (swords of samurái) or choppers of Damascus. This age a skill that was demanding a lot of work therefore the above mentioned swords were very costly.
Several skills can be used also to make the plate more strong or harder. The copper and the bronze can be hardened simply striking the plate with a hammer while it is cold. The made steel plates with suppressed high place of carbon (major than 0.2 %) they can be submitted to a thermal treatment warming the steel up to a critical point (most of the alloys become not magnetic in this point) and then extinguishing it in water. Extinguishing puts an enormous tension quantity in the metal, and often a sword would break in pieces during this step. If it was surviving the sword treated to the heat, it would be moderated warming it to a relatively low temperature for a long period. The process of moderated would make her slightly softer, but also more resistant and "more flexible", and this way less probable of breaking or jumping during the rigors of the combat.
The hardening for packing is a process to increase the carbon content in the surface of the steel with very little carbon. It is done putting the object that will harden inside a receptacle sealed together with the material that contains carbon; in the antiquity, this material was generally a horn or skin. The packing of that time was warmed until one was putting the red one, and it maintained to this temperature for a little bit, according to the size of the piece, allowing the carbon to penetrate in the steel for some thousandth of centimeter. In this point, the object would be unloaded out of the packing in a water bath to extinguish it, resulting in a very hard surface, but with the nucleus completely without moderating. There is very few evidence of which this has been done one day to the swords except, perhaps, in the earliest iron choppers.
The ruts practised on the chopper are another important aspect of many plates. In spite of popular belief, the ruts were not to facilitate a more rapid bloodletting of the victim. The ruts helped something to do one the lightest chopper while they were still preserving good part of its force. They were done placing a plate warmed on a low rut, fixing one of similar size in the top side of the sword, and beating the Superior with a hammer.
Changes in the choppers
Decoration
The decoration was applied often to the chopper generally recording it and sometimes embedding it with gold. In the XIXth century, it became common to the designs of the engraving of drawings in the chopper using acid and a wax staff.
Form
The swords can have a straight or curved chopper. A straight sword was thought especially to cut and to stab, while a curved sword was better to chatter. The difference between stabbing and chattering is essentially just as the difference between using a butcher's knife and a cook's knife; one fixes a rim straight in a material while other slides along the material to obtain rather an action rebanadora.
For a rider, stabbing was not practical because doing is hard that a horse moves quickly the other way round if the victim pushes the mistake of the attack. The gentleman then would be to favor of its victim. This was not like that of important in charges formed by the knighthood, since in such attacks the knighthood would be often in compact formations in which the quitter would not be possible. Therefore, the European heavy knighthood had generally straight swords.
The knighthood that was facing only one combat or with more free formations it had curled normally the swords. To cut, a sword had to be introduced across the skin of the victim, and a curved sword was more suitable for this. The plate was sharpened only in the external rim and the curvature radio was equal at the distance of the center on which the plate was turned - that is to say the distance of the chopper up to the shoulder.
In curved European swords, this was generally the length of a finished arm, but in Middle East and Indian swords it is generally a much shorter distance - typically 50 centimeters or this way (see scimitar). This gave to the knighthood of the this one a big advantage on its European opponents because they could fight in a distance more nearby than the Europeans and therefore have them inside its arch.
